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The Adhesion Cascade

The Adhesion Cascade

The Adhesion Cascade courtesy R&D Systems


For further information, see the Leukocyte Adhesion Cascade from the University of Virginia Biomedical Engineering group.


Prostaglandin Pathway


There is a new pathway discovered recently explaining how HA reduces pain and inflammation. In this model of the Prostaglandin Pathway, HA (represented by the red arrow) inhibits the production of bradykinin that causes pain and prostaglandins that cause inflammation.

Aspirin is known to work at the COX 1 level and Celebrex at the COX 2 level. It appears that Hyaluronan acts to inhibit the cause of pain and then continues to inhibit the cause of inflammation.


Muscle Pain, Working out and Grandma's Gel (Hyaluronan)

Grandma's Gel Topical Liquid and Topical Cream work extraordinarily well to reduce post exercise pain, inflammation, cramping and muscle fatigue. The liquid works within seconds. Below are a couple of websites that describe the current thinking about lactic acid and post exercise muscle fatigue, including muscle cramping.

10 Things You Should Know About Lactic Acid
by Thomas Fahey, Ed.D., Professor of Exercise Physiology, California State University at Chico
http://www.cytosport.com/science/lacticacid.html

Lactic Acid Accumulation
From TKD Tutor website
http://tkdtutor.com/11Training/LacticAcid.htm

Now for the explanation:

It is not the lactic acid that causes the muscle fatigue -- it is the hydrogen ion that upsets the neutral balance of the muscle and makes the environment acidic. HA has carboxy groups (COO-) that normally carry a sodium ion (COO-Na+). However, this sodium ion can be replaced by hydrogen or potassium rapidly. In an environment high in hydrogen ions (H+), the COO-Na+ becomes COO-H+ and the acid environment is neutralized. In an environment with high potassium (cramping) the COO-Na+ becomes COO-K+ and Na+ goes into the muscle to neutralize the high potassium and bring the muscle back to homeostasis.

The rubbing also helps a contracted muscle relax. In many cases, an over-extended muscle (after 24-48 hours) has small fibril tears that have to heal. HA can reduce the swelling by its normal process as a natural anti-inflammatory, blocking white blood cell infiltration into the site of trauma. HA is also known to promote healing, so the fibrils will heal faster.

There is a new pathway discovered recently explaining how HA reduces pain and inflammation. In this model, HA inhibits the production of bradykinin that causes pain and prostaglandins that cause inflammation.

Note that one of the above-cited sites indicates that complex carbohydrates should be consumed after a hard workout. Grandma's Gel contains a complex carbohydrate in concentrated form as HA (Hyaluronic Acid).

HA is metabolized to glucosamine which is then converted to glucose that goes through the Krebs' Cycle to produce energy -- and reenergize the body. It can do the same by application to the muscle by topical application.

Copyright 2004 Dermal Research Laboratories, Inc. www.drl100.com


NEW! - Dr. Karen K. Brown's Internet Radio Interview!

Click here to hear Dr. Brown discussing her discovery of All-Natural Hyaluronic Acid in an interview on Internet Radio in February of 2007. The HA used in all Grandma's Gel products is not derived from Chickens or Cattle, and therefore prevents any form of avian flu or mad cow disease transmission!